Inglés A2 - Elemental

El plan de estudios del A2, unidad por unidad

13 niveles y 156 puntos gramaticales, en el orden en que Leo los enseña. Cada unidad enumera las formas imprescindibles con un ejemplo real; los puntos de apoyo se tratan dentro de las historias.

1. A2.1 El tiempo pasado se amplía: verbos, negativas, preguntas 12 puntos

   pasado simple — irregulares, segunda tanda

   She bought a red coat. I left my bag on the bus. He told me the truth.

   bought, brought, thought, found, left, felt, told, wrote, gave, ran, sat, put, met, knew, heard, kept, lost, sent

   pasado simple — negativo didn't

   I didn't spend a lot of money. You didn't come to my party.

   didn't + forma base (nunca didn't + -ed)

   pasado simple — preguntas Did...?

   Did you buy something yesterday? — Yes, I did.

   Did + sujeto + forma base + ? — respuestas cortas Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

   secuenciación first / then / after that / later / finally

   First we went to Naples. Then we visited Pompeii. Finally we stayed a week in Capri.

   conectores al principio de la oración

2. A2.2 Establecer la escena en el pasado: qué estaba pasando, qué interrumpió 12 puntos

   pasado continuo — afirmativa

   I was waiting for you all evening. They were playing outside.

   was / were + verbo-ing

   pasado continuo + pasado simple con when / while

   It was raining when I arrived. While I was walking home, I saw a fox.

   While + pasado continuo, pasado simple. | Pasado continuo when + pasado simple.

   preguntas con wh- en el pasado

   What did you do yesterday? Where did you go? Why did she leave?

   wh- + did + sujeto + forma base

   oraciones temporales when / while / before / after / until

   When I bought my computer, the price was high. Wait here until I come back.

   conjunción + oración, antes o después de la oración principal

3. A2.3 Describir personas, cosas y sentimientos 12 puntos

   adjetivo después de look / feel / sound / smell

   You look tired. It sounds strange. The soup smells good.

   verbo de percepción + adjetivo (no un adverbio)

   too + adjetivo

   It's too small for me. The box was too heavy to carry.

   too + adjetivo (+ for + persona / + to + verbo)

   pronombre posesivo mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs

   This bag is mine. Is this yours? Hers is the red one.

   pronombre posesivo solo, sin sustantivo

4. A2.4 Comparar y nombrar lo mejor 12 puntos

   comparativo con more + adjetivo largo

   It was more expensive than the other one. You must be more careful.

   more + adjetivo de 2+ sílabas

   comparativo + than (ampliado)

   It's smaller than my old phone. The weather was hotter than in Paris.

   adjetivo comparativo + than + sustantivo / pronombre

   superlativo con the + -est

   It's the biggest beach in Europe. She was the happiest person there.

   the + adjetivo corto + -est (+ reglas de ortografía -iest, doble consonante, -st)

   superlativo con the most

   Football is the most popular sport here. It is the most famous place in the city.

   the most + adjetivo de 2+ sílabas

5. A2.5 Contar, cuantificar, conectar 12 puntos

   much / many en negativas y preguntas

   We didn't have much money. Were there many people? So many games!

   much + incontable, many + plural (especialmente en negativas y preguntas)

   the, o sin artículo, con incontables y plurales

   I like music. (general) — The music was too loud. (specifique)

   artículo cero = general | the = específico e identificado

   there is / there are + cuantificador

   There's a lot of people there. There is some information about the class.

   There is + some/a lot of + incontable | There are + a lot of/some/any + plural

6. A2.6 Planes: lo que ya está decidido 12 puntos

   be going to — afirmativa y negativa

   I'm going to wear them on vacation. We aren't going to wait.

   be + going to + forma base (+ negativa isn't going to)

   be going to — preguntas

   What time are you going to arrive? Are you going to tell her?

   be + sujeto + going to + forma base | What are you going to do?

   presente continuo para una cita programada

   I'm meeting Tom at six. We're having dinner at 7pm. They're going back on Sunday.

   be + -ing + marcador de tiempo futuro

7. A2.7 El futuro y el compromiso: prometer, ofrecer, hacer seguimiento 12 puntos

   will — negativo won't y preguntas

   I won't be late. Will you come with me?

   will not / won't + forma base | Will you...? / What will you do?

   will vs. be going to

   The bag is heavy — I'll carry it. (spontane) / I'm going to carry it, I decided. (plan)

   will = decisión tomada en el momento, promesa, predicción basada en una opinión | going to = plan previo, evidencia visible

   when / if + presente simple con significado de futuro

   I'll call you when I get home. If I need a camera, I'll use my phone.

   when / if + presente simple, oración principal en futuro (nunca will en la oración subordinada)

   to + infinitivo de finalidad

   I went out to buy some bread. She stood up to see better.

   verbo + to + forma base (= in order to do something)

8. A2.8 Lo que tienes que hacer: obligación, prohibición, consejo 12 puntos

   have to / has to — obligación externa

   This weekend I have to go to a party. My mom has to work on Saturday.

   have / has to + forma base

   must — necesidad interna

   We must hurry, we are late. I must call my parents.

   must + forma base (invariable)

   should / shouldn't — consejo y sugerencia

   You should buy this one. We should go there together. You shouldn't worry.

   should / shouldn't + forma base

9. A2.9 Condiciones, posibilidades y deseos 12 puntos

   condicional cero — if + presente, presente

   If I have spare time, I always read a book. If you press this, the light goes on.

   If + presente simple, presente simple (verdad general o hábitos)

   primer condicional — if + presente, will

   If you help me, I will finish quickly. I'll wait if you want.

   If + presente simple, will + forma base (en cualquier orden)

   would like / would prefer / would love to

   I'd love to have a pen-friend in Japan. I'd prefer to go on Sunday. Would you like to play tennis?

   'd like / 'd prefer / 'd love + to + forma base | Would you like to...?

10. A2.10 Conexiones: oraciones de relativo, indefinidos, posesión 12 puntos

    oración de relativo especificativa con who

    It's about a girl who went to the war. I'd like a pen-friend who likes music.

    sustantivo (persona) + who + verbo

    oración de relativo especificativa con that / which

    The team that I like is called 'The Monkeys'. I bought clothes that I will need.

    sustantivo (cosa) + that / which + verbo

    pronombre indefinido someone / anyone / everyone / no one

    Someone stole my bag. Is there anyone here? Everyone was happy. Nowhere to go.

    pronombre indefinido + verbo en singular | + -thing / -where con el mismo patrón

    preposiciones de tiempo (ampliado)

    It rained during the night. Wait until six. The shop is open from nine to five.

    during, until, before, after, from... to

11. A2.11 Experiencia: el presente perfecto 12 puntos

    presente perfecto — afirmativo

    I have seen the Eiffel Tower. She's been to Japan three times.

    have / has + participio pasado (regular -ed + irregular seen, been, done, made, gone, met, eaten)

    presente perfecto — experiencias con ever / never

    Have you ever seen a whale? — No, I've never seen one.

    Have you ever + participio pasado ? | I have never + participio pasado

    presente perfecto con just / already / for

    I've just arrived. She has already eaten. We've lived here for two years.

    have + just / already + participio pasado | for + duración

    already / yet / still

    She has already left. Are you ready yet? He's still waiting.

    already en posición media | yet al final de una oración negativa o interrogativa | still en posición media

12. A2.12 Estilo indirecto y expresión de pensamientos 12 puntos

    verbos de pensamiento think / hope / know / remember / believe

    I think that it begins on Monday. I hope you enjoy your vacation.

    verbo + (that) + cláusula

    cláusula con that después de say / think / know / hope

    My mother said that she can help us. I think it begins on Monday.

    verbo + (that) + cláusula — that a menudo omitido

    estilo indirecto con said

    She said that she was tired. He said he would come later.

    said (that) + cláusula, con cambio de pronombre

    pregunta de sí/no con auxiliar y modales

    Are you coming? Have you finished? Can she drive? Did they leave?

    be / have / do / modal + sujeto + verbo ?

13. A2.13 Patrones verbales y la voz pasiva 12 puntos

    verbo + to + infinitivo (ampliado)

    I hope to go to England. Please remember to bring your toothbrush. She decided to stay.

    decide, hope, try, forget, remember, promise, learn, start, want, need + to + forma base

    verbo + -ing (ampliado)

    We enjoy playing the piano. He finished eating. Stop shouting!

    enjoy, finish, stop, keep, mind, practice + verbo-ing

    -ing como sujeto u objeto (el gerundio)

    Swimming is my favorite sport. I love reading. Walking home takes ten minutes.

    verbo-ing en posición de sujeto u objeto

    preposición + -ing

    She's good at drawing. Before leaving, he closed the window. Thanks for helping.

    preposición + verbo-ing (nunca + infinitivo)

Cómo superar realmente el A2